VARIABLE RELUCTANCE MOTORS



  •     It is the most basic type of stepper motor. This helps to explain the principle of operation of the stepper motors.
  •     The motor has a stator which is usually wound for three phases.
  •     The stator has six salient poles with concentrated exciting windings around each one of them. The stator construction is laminated and assembled in a single stack.
  •     The number of poles on the stator and rotor are different. This gives the motor ability,
  •     of bidirectional rotation and
  •    Self starting capability.


  •     For our discussion, 4 pole rotor constructi6n is elected. So rotor has 4 salient poles without any exciting winding as shown in the Fig. 7.6.
  •     The coils wound around diametrically opposite poles are connected in series and the three phases are energized from a d.c. source with the help of switches.
  •     The basics driving circuit is shown in the Fig. 7.7.

OPERATION
  •     The operation is based on various reluctance positions of rotor with respect to t When any one phase of the stator is excited, it produces its magnetic field whose axis I along the poles, the phase around which is excited.
  •     Then rotor moves in such a direction as to achieve minimum reluctance position. Such a position means a position where axis magnetic field of stator matches with the axis passing through any two poles of the rotor.
  •     Let us see the operation when phases A, B and C are energized in sequence one after the other, with the help of switches SW1, SW2, and SW3.
  •     When the phase AA’is excited with the switch SW1 closed, then stator magnetic axis exists along the poles formed due to AA 1 e vertical
  •     Then rotor adjusts itself in a minimum reluctance position i.e. matching its own axis passing through the two poles exactly wit stator magnetic axis.
  •     This position is shown in the Fig. 7.8 (a)








Advantages of Variable Reluctance Motor
  •     The variable reluctance stepper motor has following advantages
  •     High torque to inertia ratio.
  •     High rates of acceleration.
  •     Fast dynamic response
  •     Simple and low cost machine.
  •     Efficient cooling arrangement as all the windings is on stator and there is no winding on rotor.
  •     Rotor construction is robust due to absence of brushes.
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