The emitter base junction is forward biased and the collector base junction is reverse biased.
Due to the forward bias on the emitter base junction, an emitter current flows through the base into the collector.
Though the collector-base junction is reverse biased, almost the entire emitter current flows through the collector circuit.
The forward biasing of emitter-base junction allows a low resistance for the emitter circuit and reverse biasing of collector-base junction provides high resistance in the collector circuit.
In a transistor, a weak signal is introduced in low resistance circuit and the output is taken from the high resistance circuit. So a transistor transfers signals from low to high resistance.
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