When an electric field is applied to a conductor, the free electrons are accelerated and give rise to velocity called drift velocity vd. The drift velocity is defined as the average velocity acquired by an electron in the presence of an electric field and the drift velocity direction is opposite to the field direction.
Let us consider E, the electric field intensity applied to a conductor, -e, charge of electron, m, mass of the electron v, the velocity of electron and A, area of cross section. The Force acquired by the electrons can be written as
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