INTRODUCTION TO FILTERS-2

RL High Pass Filter


The high pass filter can also be obtained using the R-L combination as shown in the diagram.













In this case, the cutoff frequency is,



Band Pass Filter






Figure 13 is the ideal characteristic for an ideal band pass filter, in which radian frequency extending from  to   are passed, while all other frequencies are stopped.










The components are chosen to establish a cutoff frequency for the high pass filter that is lower than the cutoff frequency of the low pass filter as shown in the diagram. A frequency  near the centre of the pass band will pass through both filters with very little degeneration.













The resonance frequency f0 is

  
Band Stop Filter








Figure 16 is the characteristic for an ideal band stop filter, in which radian frequency extending from   to   be stopped and all other frequencies are passed.

Band stop filters can also be constructed using a low pass and high pass filter. However, rather than the cascaded configuration used for the pass band filter, a parallel arrangement is required as shown in the diagram



A low frequency  can pass through the LPF and higher frequency   can use the parallel path











Since the characteristics of a band stop are the inverse of the pattern obtained for the band pass filters, we can employ the fact that at any frequency the sum of the magnitudes of the two waveforms will equal to the applied voltage Vi.
















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