Capability Curves of Synchronous Generator

OPEN CIRCUIT CHARACTERISTICS: OCC
   
  •      Machine run at synchronous speed, Ns.
  •     Generate voltage at rated frequency.
  •     Armature terminals are open-circuited.
  •     Field current is varied and the terminal voltages corresponding to different excitation and the induced emf per phase.
  •     The open circuit characteristic is the relationship between the field excitation and the induced emf per phase.
  •     The OCC is the magnetisation characteristics of the machine.
  •     It exhibits the saturation phenomenon of the machine. At low values of field current when iron is in unsaturated state, is almost linear.
  •     MMF is applied mainly in establishing flux in the air gap, the reluctance of the iron path is negligible.
  •     The straight line part of the OCC if extended as shown in dotted line, is called the air gap line and would indicate the OCC if iron did not get saturated.

SHORT CIRCUIT CHARACTERISTICS SCC:

  •     The short circuit characteristics of the machine are obtained by means of the short circuit test.
  •     The armature terminals are short circuited including ammeters.
  •     The machine is run at rated speed and the field excitation is adjusted 1.5 times the rated current flows through the short circuited armature.
  •     The corresponding excitation is noted and plotted to get one point on the SCC.
  •     Join the origin to the above point to get Scc.
  •     Both Occ and SCC are drawn on a common field current base.
  •     Find the field current If corresponding to the rated current, say OA.
  •     For this field current, the induced emf is AB.
  •     The emf induced AB in open circuit is regarded as being responsible for circulating the short circuit current AC, the synchronous impedance of the winding.
  •     The value of synchronous impedance Zs,at this excitation OA is given by,
  •     Zs = (O.C voltage) / (S.C.current) at the same excitation
                   = AB/AC Ω.
  •     To calculate per phase values of Zs, the per phase of emf and current should be taken.
  •     At lower values of excitation current, the value of Zs is more than at higher excitation. Zs is in ohm.

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