PELTON TURBINE





Among  different  types  of impulse  turbines,  Pelton  wheel is  the  only  turbine  being used  at  present.  It  was  discovered  in  1880  by  an  American  Engineer  Lester A.   Pelton.   It   operates   under   very   high   heads   (upto   1800   m)   and   requires comparatively lesser quantity of water.

Working principle of  Pelton turbines 








From the head race in the mountains water is conveyed to the turbines installed in the power house through the penstocks. The lower end of the penstock is joined with a nozzle in the turbine casing. Water is delivered by the nozzle at a high velocity on the buckets. These buckets are mounted on the periphery of a circular wheel (also known as runner) which is generally mounted on a horizontal shaft. The quantity of water coming out of the nozzle or nozzles can be controlled by regulators (governing arrangement)  in  case  of  big  installations  and  by  hand  wheels  in  case  of  small installations.

The  impact  of  water  on  the  buckets  causes  the  runner  to  rotate,  thus  develops mechanical energy. After doing work on the buckets water is discharged in the tail race.  Being  impulse  turbine  it  must  run  at  atmospheric  pressure  and  therefore, these are located above the tail race. The buckets are so shaped that water enters tangentially in the middle and discharges backward and flows again tangentially in both  the  direction  to  avoid  thrust  on  the  wheel  (as  shown  in  the  line  sketch).

Actually the jet is deflected by 1600. To produce electric energy these are coupled with the electric generators.

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