Potential Transformer Testing Methods


The importance of transformer tests is often underestimated. Risks such as confusing instrument transformers for metering and protection, or mixing up connections can be reduced significantly by testing before initial use. At the same time, damages to the interior of an potential transformer, caused for example during shipping, can be recognized easily. Also changes in an instrument transformer, caused for example by aging insulation, can be identified at an early stage.

1. Insulation Resistance Test.
2. Winding Resistance Test.
3. Polarity Test.
4. Ratio Test.

1)Insulation Resistance Test:

To know the insulation value of PT windings we will be applying primary to Earth 5kv for 60 seconds, primary to secondary 2.5 kv for 60 seconds & secondary to Earth 1000v for 60 seconds.

2)Winding Resistance Test:

To verify the winding resistance as specified by the manufacturer and to check for any internal winding damage in the PT this test is carried out. Winding resistance is arrived by injecting DC current through the winding and measuring the voltage drop. Compare the reading with factory test report.

3)Polarity Test : 

This test is necessary to see the relative polarity of the primary and secondary terminals when terminals are not marked or to establish the correctness of the marking if already marked. This test is carried out with help of   9v (or) 12v DC battery. Apply the DC source between primary Terminals P1 (+) P2 (-) and measure the secondary side using Null deflection analog ammeter and check the correct deflection of meter & compare with polarity mark.

4)Ratio Test:

To verify the ratio error of the PT this test is performed with help of primary injection kit. Inject the Voltage through P1- P2 (primary of VT Terminals) and measure the corresponding secondary side output voltage and calculate the ratio error from the actual and measured values.




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